European journal of heart failure
Authors: Metra M, Mentz RJ, Chiswell K, Bloomfield DM, Cleland JG, Cotter G, Davison BA, Dittrich HC, Fiuzat M, Givertz MM, Lazzarini V, Mansoor GA, Massie BM, Ponikowski P, Teerlink JR, Voors AA, O'Connor CM
JAMA
Authors: Naik RP, Derebail VK, Grams ME, Franceschini N, Auer PL, Peloso GM, Young BA, Lettre G, Peralta CA, Katz R, Hyacinth HI, Quarells RC, Grove ML, Bick AG, Fontanillas P, Rich SS, Smith JD, Boerwinkle E, Rosamond WD, Ito K, Lanzkron S, Coresh J, Correa A, Sarto GE, Key NS, Jacobs DR, Kathiresan S, Bibbins-Domingo K, Kshirsagar AV, Wilson JG, Reiner AP
PloS one
Authors: Graham S, Ye S, Qian M, Sanford AR, Di Tullio MR, Sacco RL, Mann DL, Levin B, Pullicino PM, Freudenberger RS, Teerlink JR, Mohr JP, Labovitz AJ, Lip GY, Estol CJ, Lok DJ, Ponikowski P, Anker SD, Thompson JL, Homma S
Circulation
Authors: Erika Brutsaert, Sanyog Shitole, Mary Lou Biggs, Kenneth Mukamal, Ian De Boer, Evan Thacker, Joshua Barzilay, Luc Djousse, Joachim H Ix, Nicholas Smith, Robert Kaplan, David Siscovick, Bruce Psaty, Jorge Kizer
Medical education online
Authors: Chou CL, Teherani A, Masters DE, Vener M, Wamsley M, Poncelet A
Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Authors: Collins SP, Storrow AB, Levy PD, Albert N, Butler J, Ezekowitz JA, Felker GM, Fermann GJ, Fonarow GC, Givertz MM, Hiestand B, Hollander JE, Lanfear DE, Pang PS, Peacock WF, Sawyer DB, Teerlink JR, Lenihan DJ
TO REMOVE
Authors: Furlong M, Tanner CM, Goldman SM, Bhudhikanok GS, Blair A, Chade A, Comyns K, Hoppin JA, Kasten M, Korell M, Langston JW, Marras C, Meng C, Richards M, Ross GW, Umbach DM, Sandler DP, Kamel F
Obesity research & clinical practice
Authors: Shah AD, Schmidt H, Sen S, Shlipak MG, Kanaya AM
TO REMOVE
Authors: Cheng TM, Freund KM, Winter M, Orlander JD
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America | Volume 60 of Issue 6
Authors: Abraham AG, Althoff KN, Jing Y, Estrella MM, Kitahata MM, Wester CW, Bosch RJ, Crane H, Eron J, Gill MJ, Horberg MA, Justice AC, Klein M, Mayor AM, Moore RD, Palella FJ, Parikh CR, Silverberg MJ, Golub ET, Jacobson LP, Napravnik S, Lucas GM
BACKGROUND
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults, particularly those of black race, are at high-risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but contributing factors are evolving. We hypothesized that improvements in HIV treatment have led to declines in risk of ESRD, particularly among HIV-infected blacks.
METHODS
Using data from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration for Research and Design from January 2000 to December 2009, we validated 286 incident ESRD cases using abstracted medical evidence of dialysis (lasting >6 months) or renal transplant. A total of 38 354 HIV-infected adults aged 18-80 years contributed 159 825 person-years (PYs). Age- and sex-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated by race. Poisson regression was used to identify predictors of ESRD.
RESULTS
HIV-infected ESRD cases were more likely to be of black race, have diabetes mellitus or hypertension, inject drugs, and/or have a prior AIDS-defining illness. The overall SIR was 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-3.6) but was significantly higher among black patients (4.5 [95% CI, 3.9-5.2]). ESRD incidence declined from 532 to 303 per 100 000 PYs and 138 to 34 per 100 000 PYs over the time period for blacks and nonblacks, respectively, coincident with notable increases in both the prevalence of viral suppression and the prevalence of ESRD risk factors including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hepatitis C virus coinfection.
CONCLUSIONS
The risk of ESRD remains high among HIV-infected individuals in care but is declining with improvements in virologic suppression. HIV-infected black persons continue to comprise the majority of cases, as a result of higher viral loads, comorbidities, and genetic susceptibility.
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